[If using a frozen turkey; thaw in the refrigerator 48-72 hours prior to use.] Remove the turkey from the refrigerator and remove neck, giblets and package; reserve for giblet gravy or discard if you prefer.
Brine- Clean, rinse and pat the turkey dry with paper towels. Rub the salt all over turkey. Place a jar that fits inside the turkey's cavity. Let the turkey sit up (watch the video for reference). Place turkey in the refrigerator uncovered for 24 hours (up to 2 days).
Preheat the oven to 425°F.
Remove the turkey from refrigerator and let sit for 1 hour prior to stuffing the cavity. Do not rinse the salt off.
Stuff the onion, garlic head, lemon, apple, rosemary, sage & thyme into the turkey's cavity. Tie the legs together.
Place carrots & celery in the bottom of the dutch oven. Place stuffed turkey on top. Tuck the wing underneath the turkey leg (tip: use a bamboo stick about 2" long to pin the wing). Use one hand to loosen and lift the turkey breast skin. Coat/Rub 3 tbsp butter on each side of the breast just beneath the skin. Brush melted butter all over the turkey.
Cook uncovered for 5 minutes at 425°F. Then turn down the heat to 350°F. Cook for 13 minutes per-pound (2:10 hrs total for 10 lbs).
Remove turkey from the oven. Let the turkey sit in the dutch oven for 15 minutes. Transfer the turkey to a serving tray and tent with aluminum foil.